ABSTRACT
Diazinon is one of the most important organophosphates [OPs] widely used in agriculture. Some OPs have the potential to produce free radicals and induce disturbance in body antioxidant systems. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of diazinon on oxidant-antioxidant system in rat liver. This experimental study was carried out at Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences in 2010. A total of 28 male Wistar rats [200-250 g body wt.] were randomly divided into four groups including: sham [received corn oil as diazinon solvent] and three diazinon groups receiving different single doses of this substance [30, 50, and 100 mg/kg] through intraperitoneal route. Twenty four hours after injection, the animals were ether anesthetized and liver tissue removed. Following liver tissue hemogenation, the activity of superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione S-transferase [GST], and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] as well as the glutathione [GSH] and malondialdehyde [MDA] levels were determined by biochemical methods. The data were statistically analyzed using the analysis of variance followed by post hoc analysis using Tukey tests. While at concentrations higher than 30 mg/kg diazinon, increased activities of SOD, CAT, and GST with higher level of MDA were observed, the GSH level was significantly decreased when compared with the sham. Also, an increased LDH activity at dose of 100 mg/kg was seen [P<0.01]. Diazinon probably induces the production of free radicals and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes with depleted GSH content is indicative of oxidative tissue injury and increased MDA level is suggestive of damage occurring in liver membranes
ABSTRACT
Severe mitral stenosis is occasionally associated with significant tricuspid regurgitation [TR] and this association has an adverse impact on morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing mitral valve intervention. However, the effect of successful mitral balloon valvotomy [MBV] on significant TR is not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the course of TR after MBV in patients with severe mitral stenosis with TR. The present study was performed in Tabriz Madani heart center from March 2007 to February 2008. Among 110 patients with mitral stenosis who were candidates of MBV, 68 cases with more than mild TR were selected and the fate of TR after MBV and its predictors were evaluated. Among 68 patients who were enrolled in this study, 58 individuals [85.3%] were female with mean age of 36.85 +/- 14.32 years. Before intervention, 48 patients [70.6%] had severe TR and 20 [29.4%] cases had moderate TR. After intervention, 14 patients suffered from mild TR, 22 from moderate TR and 32 patients from severe TR [P<0.05]. There were significant changes in mitral valve area [MVA] [from 0.82 +/- 0.22 to 1.70 +/- 0.21 cm[2]; P<0.0005] and pulmonary artery systolic pressure [PASP] [from 53.00 +/- 12.04 to 34.91 +/- 11.26 cm2; P<0.0005] and right ventricle dimension [RVD] varying from 2.97 +/- 0.64 to 2.20 +/- 0.58 cm; P<0.0005]. This study showed significant relationship between MVA, RVD, and PASP as TR regression determinants. In 6-month follow up no patient needed mitral valve surgery or repeated MBV. There was no procedure related mortality and no death was seen in 6 months follow up in the study group. Significant decrease of symptoms was observed in almost all patients after intervention which persisted during follow up period. Significant number of patients with severe MS and moderate or severe TR showed TR regression following MBV which persisted during 6 months follow up. Severity of MS, PASP and RVD were most important predictors of this regression